It is neither a continuous nor a homogeneous phase and represents the sum of the fluid contents of all the cells of the body. Plasma water that is confined within the vascular system- 7.5 percent. Dense connective tissue and cartilage water- 7.5 percent. The extracellular fluid phase can be divided into following sub compartments: It is postulated that 55% of water is present in the intracellular space and the rest in the extracellular space.
Edelman and Leibman (1959) have studied thoroughly the distribution pattern of body water by dilution technique and also by tissue analysis. The extracellular fluid compartment is a compartment containing heterogenous collections of fluids and not a continuous fluid phase. The cell membrane actually provides the boundary in between the extracellular and the intracellular compartments. The distribution of body water in different compartments has been presented schematically in Fig. The water of the body can be considered to be distributed within two main compartments-the extracellular and the intracellular. The percentage of water in various tissues and the proportion of total weight of the body which each tissue represents, have been presented in Table 5.3. Besides this, the relative distribution of water in the various organs and tissues is mostly same in man as well as in other species. It has been observed after studying thoroughly the water content of the body in man as well as in different animal species that the total water content in man is similar to that of in other animals. The average water content in different tissues of the body has been presented in Table 5.1. Mitchell and his associates (1945), Wid-dowson and his co-workers (1951) have also determined the water content of the human beings by direct method. In 1863 Bischoff determined the water content of an executed criminal by the method of desiccation. The total body water content can be determined most accurately by the process of desiccation. In general, woman contains more fat than man. In lean person, the value is higher than that of in obese person. But the above values vary mostly with the relative degrees of leanness and fatness of the individual.
In human being it is about 65% of the body weight in males and about 10% less in females. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules that can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Total body water in an average human being, weighing about 70 kg is 40 litres to 45 litres. The concentrations of ions, such as sodium and potassium, are generally lower in the cytosol compared to the extracellular fluid these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation and signal transduction. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, it mainly functions as a fluid medium for intracellular signaling (signal transduction ) within the cell, and plays a role in determining cell size and shape. The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. The cytosol includes dissolved molecules and water. The cytosol: The cytosol (11) is the fluid within the plasma membrane of a cell and contains the organelles. The contents of a eukaryotic cell within the cell membrane, excluding the cell nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria, plastides, lumen of endoplasmic reticulum, etc.), is referred to as the cytoplasm. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into compartments. It is separated into compartments by membranes that encircle the various organelles of the cell. The intracellular fluid of the cytosol or intracellular fluid (or cytoplasm ) is the fluid found inside cells. The major body-fluid compartments includ: intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid (plasma, interstitial fluid, and transcellular fluid).
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